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Multiplexing is a technique used in telecommunications and computer networking to combine multiple signals or data streams into a single channel. This allows for the efficient transmission of information over a shared medium, such as a wire or a radio frequency. The process involves separating the combined signals at the receiving end. There are several types of multiplexing, each with its own method of combining and separating signals.

Time-division multiplexing (TDM) divides the transmission channel into time slots. Each signal is assigned a specific time slot, and data is transmitted sequentially in these allocated slots. Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) assigns each signal a unique frequency band within the available channel. This allows multiple signals to be transmitted simultaneously, as long as their frequency bands do not overlap. Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is a form of FDM used in fiber optic communication, where different wavelengths of light carry different data streams. Statistical multiplexing is another approach that dynamically allocates channel capacity based on demand, prioritizing data streams that require more bandwidth.

The primary benefit of multiplexing is increased efficiency, allowing more data to be sent over existing infrastructure. This reduces costs associated with laying new cables or acquiring additional spectrum. Multiplexing is fundamental to many modern communication systems, including telephone networks, internet infrastructure, and wireless communication.