mulleins

Mulleins are a group of herbaceous flowering plants belonging to the genus Verbascum. They are native to Europe and Asia and are now found in many parts of the world as naturalized species. Mulleins are characterized by their tall, erect flower spikes, which can reach several feet in height, and their large, fuzzy leaves, often covered in a dense layer of hairs. The leaves are typically arranged in a basal rosette.

The flowers of mulleins are usually yellow or white, though some species have purple or pink blooms. They are often five-petaled and can appear singly or in clusters along the flower stalk. These plants are well-adapted to dry, disturbed soils and can often be found in fields, roadsides, and waste areas. They are biennial, meaning they complete their life cycle in two years, growing leaves in the first year and flowering and producing seeds in the second.

Historically, mulleins have been used in folk medicine for various ailments, particularly respiratory issues. The leaves have been brewed into teas or used in poultices. The plant's fuzzy texture led to its use as lamp wicks and even as a dye. While some traditional uses persist, scientific evidence for many medicinal claims is limited. Mulleins are generally not considered a significant agricultural pest but can be invasive in certain ecosystems.