moteur

A moteur is a device that converts one form of energy into mechanical work or motion. In French usage, the term covers both engines that burn fuel to produce motion and motors that convert electrical energy into rotation or linear movement. Technical expressions distinguish between moteur à combustion interne (internal combustion engine) and moteur électrique (electric motor), among others.

There are several major classes of moteurs. Internal combustion engines (gasoline, diesel, or other fuels) burn fuel to produce expanding gases that drive pistons or turbines. Electric motors use electrical energy to create rotational or linear motion and include alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) designs, as well as servo and brushless variants. Hydraulic motors derive motion from pressurized fluid, while pneumatic motors use compressed air. Hybrid systems combine two or more energy sources for propulsion or actuation.

Operation and performance are described in terms of power, torque, speed (RPM), efficiency, and emissions. Power measures work over time; torque is the rotational force delivered at a shaft. Efficiency depends on energy losses in combustion, conversion, transmission, and cooling. Control systems regulate speed and torque through throttles, injectors, electrical drives, or valves.

Key components vary by type. Internal combustion engines feature cylinders, pistons, a crankshaft, intake and exhaust systems, and cooling and lubrication circuits. Electric motors include a stator and rotor, along with bearings and cooling. All moteurs require a housing, mounting, and a control interface, plus cooling and lubrication in many cases.

Applications range from automobiles, aircraft, and industrial machinery to household tools and robotics, reflecting the broad role of moteurs in converting energy into controlled motion.