morphosyntactically

Morphosyntactically is a term used in linguistics to describe phenomena and analyses that involve the interface between morphology and syntax. It characterizes how word-internal structure (inflection, enclitics, affixation) and sentence structure (word order, argument assignment, hierarchical relations) jointly determine grammatical function and interpretation.

Scope and usage: The concept covers how morphological features such as case, number, person, tense, aspect, and mood interact with syntactic configurations to encode who did what to whom, when, and under what conditions. In morphosyntactic phenomena, a change in a word’s form can influence syntactic roles, and conversely, syntactic position or argument structure can influence how a form is realized. Notable domains include case marking and agreement patterns, clitic placement, and verb inflection that align with subject or object positions, as well as phenomena like long-distance agreement and cross-linguistic clausal alignment.

Theoretical significance: Morphosyntactic considerations are central to theories of the language faculty that address how morphological realization maps onto syntactic structure. Frameworks such as Distributed Morphology, Minimalist syntax, and Construction Grammar explore how morphological markings are generated, licensed, and interpreted within syntactic representations, and how surface forms reflect underlying structure.

Empirical relevance: Cross-linguistic typology reveals substantial variation in morphosyntactic systems, including how languages encode case, agreement, and word order. In psycholinguistics and computational linguistics, models of sentence processing and natural language generation must account for the intertwined nature of morphological inflection and syntactic organization to accurately parse meaning and produce grammatical utterances.