monomeeriyhdisteet

Monomeeriyhdisteet are low-molecular-weight chemical species that act as the building blocks for polymers. In polymer chemistry, they join together in polymerization reactions to form macromolecules with repeating units. A key feature of a monomeeriyhdisteet is the presence of one or more reactive functional groups that enable linkage to other monomer units.

Monomeeriyhdisteet are classified by polymerization mechanism and functional groups. Addition (chain-growth) monomers, such as ethylene, propylene, styrene, vinyl chloride, and acrylates, polymerize by successive addition of monomer units without by-products. Condensation (step-growth) monomers, such as diacids and diols that release small molecules like water, form polyesters, polyamides, and polyurethanes through condensation polymerization. Ring-opening monomers (like caprolactone, lactide) also form polymers via ring-opening polymerization.

Reactivity of monomeeriyhdisteet depends on the reactive group, steric effects, and electronic factors. They are used in a wide range of materials, including plastics, elastomers, adhesives, paints, and biomedical polymers. Processing conditions, catalysts or initiators, solvents, temperature, and pressure influence polymer structure and properties, such as molecular weight, branching, and tacticity.

Safety and handling: many monomeeriyhdisteet are reactive, flammable, toxic, or irritant and require appropriate storage, ventilation, and containment. Environmental and health considerations are important in synthesis, purification, and polymer production.