monisoluihin

Monosolu (monocyte) is a type of white blood cell that forms part of the innate immune system. Monosolut originate in the bone marrow and circulate in the bloodstream for about one to three days before migrating into tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells. In tissues, they play a key role in responding to infection and injury, performing phagocytosis, clearing dead cells, and producing cytokines.

Subsets of monocytes exist and have distinct functions. Classical monocytes are typically CD14++ CD16-, non-classical monocytes are CD14+ CD16++, and intermediate monocytes display a CD14++ CD16+ profile. Recruitment to sites of inflammation is guided by chemokines such as MCP-1 (CCL2) and by adhesion molecules. Once in tissues, monocytes can become macrophages with tissue-specific roles or develop into dendritic cells that present antigens to T cells, bridging innate and adaptive immunity.

Clinical relevance includes changes in monocyte numbers and function. Monocytosis, an elevated monocyte count, can accompany infections, inflammatory diseases, and certain malignancies, while monocytopenia is less common. Monocyte-derived macrophages contribute to chronic inflammatory conditions and to the progression of atherosclerosis through foam cell formation; they are also involved in responses to intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Laboratory identification of monocytes often relies on surface markers in flow cytometry (for humans, CD14 and CD16; in mice, markers such as Ly6C and CCR2). The Finnish illative plural form monisoluihin is used in texts to refer to processes involving monocytes, such as their movement into tissues during inflammation.