molekulou

Molekulou is a term used in some languages as the grammatical form of molekula, meaning molecule. In scientific usage, a molecule is the smallest unit of a chemical compound that can exist independently while preserving the compound's chemical properties. Molecules are composed of atoms bonded together, most commonly by covalent bonds, which involve sharing electrons. The arrangement of atoms determines the molecule's geometry, polarity, and reactivity. In covalent substances, discrete molecules exist; in many ionic compounds, the solid state is a lattice of ions rather than discrete molecules, though molecules or ion pairs can persist in gas phase or in solution.

Many molecules are diatomic, such as O2 and N2, or polyatomic, such as H2O and CH4. Molecular size ranges from a few atoms to thousands in large biopolymers. Molecular weight, usually expressed in daltons or unified atomic mass units, is measured by techniques such as mass spectrometry.

Molekulou also appears in grammar as the instrumental singular or other forms, depending on the language, and is not a separate scientific category. In science education and literature, the term is typically used interchangeably with molecule, with the mathematical and chemical properties of molecules described through theories of bonding, quantum mechanics, and thermodynamics.