moisturizes

Moisturizes refers to the act of applying substances to the skin (or sometimes hair) to prevent or restore moisture and reduce water loss. In cosmetic and dermatological contexts, moisturizers are products designed to hydrate the surface, improve texture, and support the skin’s barrier function. They typically combine humectants, emollients, and occlusives to achieve these effects. Humectants such as glycerin and hyaluronic acid draw water into the outer skin layer; emollients like esters, oils, and fatty substances soften and smooth the skin; occlusives such as petrolatum and dimethicone form a barrier to minimize water loss.

Moisturizers vary in texture and composition to suit different skin types and conditions. Creams and ointments generally provide stronger barrier protection for very dry or damaged skin, while lotions and gels offer lighter hydration for oily or normal skin. Formulations may be fragrance-free for sensitivity or include ingredients like ceramides, niacinamide, or essential lipids to support barrier repair. Common ingredients across products include glycerin, urea, hyaluronic acid, shea butter, and silicone derivatives.

Usage notes emphasize applying to damp skin after bathing to enhance absorption, using a thin, even layer, and reapplying as needed based on product instructions. People with sensitive or reactive skin should perform a patch test and avoid known irritants such as certain fragrances or preservatives. While moisturizers can lessen dryness and improve barrier function, they do not treat underlying medical conditions; they are typically used as part of daily skin care or management strategies for conditions like eczema and psoriasis under professional guidance.