mocn

MOCN, or Multi-Operator Core Network, is a network-sharing framework defined by the 3GPP that allows two or more mobile network operators to share radio access network resources while maintaining separate core networks for each operator. In a typical MOCN deployment, the radio access network (RAN), infrastructure, and backhaul are shared, whereas each operator keeps its own core network and subscriber data, enabling operator-specific authentication, policy control, and billing.

The architecture relies on a shared RAN topology that supports multiple operator identities. Each operator's core network remains responsible for its subscriber authentication, home location data, and service policy, while the shared RAN delivers the radio access services. Interfaces and governance arrangements are required to ensure proper isolation, performance, and security, and to coordinate handovers, roaming, and inter-operator signaling.

Key benefits include reduced capital and operating expenses for network deployment, faster coverage expansion, improved spectrum efficiency, and the ability to offer broader service reach in rural or low-demand areas. MOCN can also help operators accelerate time-to-market for new services by leveraging a common physical infrastructure.

Challenges and considerations include the need for robust inter-operator governance, security and privacy protections for subscriber data, complex inter-operator charging and billing, service quality guarantees, and regulatory compliance. Successful MOCN deployments require clear commercial agreements, well-defined network management responsibilities, and careful planning of network interfaces and performance isolation.

MOCN is one of several approaches to network sharing used by mobile operators worldwide, often implemented as part of broader strategies to optimize costs and expand coverage.