mobilizacija

Mobilizacija is a term used in many Slavic languages to denote the process of assembling and organizing a state’s resources for war or a major operation. In military contexts it involves activating reserve units, recalling or recruiting personnel, and moving manpower, equipment, and supplies to where they are needed. The concept can also apply to civilian contexts, such as mobilizing emergency services, industry, and logistical capacities in response to disasters or large-scale crises.

Mobilization typically unfolds in stages. Preparatory or selective mobilization identifies forces and capabilities to be brought into service. Partial mobilization expands readiness without engaging the entire military, while general mobilization brings most or all of the armed forces into a state of heightened alert and production. Central to the process are logistics, transportation, communications, and command-and-control systems.

Legal and political frameworks govern mobilization. Governments usually enact laws or decrees to activate reserves, enforce conscription, or declare a state of emergency. Mobilization can have profound economic and civil-liberties implications and may affect international relations and stability, depending on its scope and duration.

Historically, mobilization has been a decisive factor in interstate conflict, notably during the World Wars when states shifted from peacetime economies to war economies. In contemporary security policy, mobilization addresses threats, disasters, or large-scale events and may involve varying degrees of military and civilian participation depending on national law and strategic objectives.