mitraalne

Mitraalne refers to the mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve. This heart valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart. Its primary function is to ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heart, preventing blood from flowing backward from the left ventricle into the left atrium during ventricular systole (contraction). The mitral valve has two leaflets, or cusps, which open to allow oxygenated blood to pass from the left atrium into the left ventricle, and then close tightly to prevent regurgitation when the ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the body.

Problems with the mitral valve can lead to various cardiac conditions. Mitral stenosis occurs when the valve leaflets become stiff and narrowed, obstructing blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. This can cause the left atrium to enlarge and pressure to build up in the pulmonary circulation, potentially leading to shortness of breath and fatigue. Mitral regurgitation, on the other hand, happens when the valve does not close properly, allowing blood to leak backward into the left atrium. This can cause the left ventricle to work harder, potentially leading to heart failure. Mitral valve prolapse is a condition where the valve leaflets bulge or prolapse back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction. While often asymptomatic, it can sometimes be associated with mitral regurgitation. These conditions are diagnosed through physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, and sometimes cardiac catheterization. Treatment options range from medication to manage symptoms to surgical interventions like valve repair or replacement.