mirativity
Mirativity is a grammatical category used in some languages to mark that the information being conveyed is new or surprising to the speaker. It signals the speaker's epistemic stance, indicating that the assertion concerns information the speaker did not know before or finds unexpected. Mirativity is distinct from evidentiality, which encodes the source or reliability of information, and from general mood or modality. In languages with mirativity, a marker may attach to the verb, appear as a separate particle, or be integrated into the clause's morphology.
Markers can take the form of affixes, particles, or tone, and they may encode direct mirativity (the
Cross-linguistically, mirativity is attested in a variety of languages around the world. It has been described
Overall, mirativity sheds light on how languages encode the moment of realizing new or surprising information,