miokarditis

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle, known as the myocardium. This condition can affect the heart's electrical system and its ability to pump blood effectively. Causes of myocarditis vary and can include viral infections, which are the most common culprits, but also bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases, certain medications, and exposure to toxins.

Symptoms of myocarditis can range from mild to severe and may develop suddenly or gradually. Common signs include chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, rapid or irregular heartbeats, and flu-like symptoms such as fever and muscle aches. In more severe cases, myocarditis can lead to heart failure, heart attack, or stroke.

Diagnosis typically involves a review of medical history, a physical examination, and various diagnostic tests. These may include an electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess heart rhythm, blood tests to check for markers of inflammation or infection, an echocardiogram to evaluate heart function, and sometimes a cardiac MRI or a biopsy of the heart muscle for a definitive diagnosis.

Treatment for myocarditis depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. For viral myocarditis, treatment often focuses on supportive care, managing symptoms, and allowing the body to heal. If an infection is identified, antibiotics or antiviral medications may be prescribed. In cases of autoimmune disease, immunosuppressants might be used. Severe cases may require hospitalization, medications to improve heart function, or in rare instances, a heart transplant. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to minimize potential long-term damage to the heart.