mikrosatellid

Mikrosatellid, or micro-satellites, are a class of small artificial satellites used for a variety of scientific, commercial and educational purposes. The most common size range cited for microsatellites is roughly 10 to 100 kilograms, though definitions vary by agency; some sources place microsatellites above nanosatellites, while others use broader ranges. They occupy the middle ground between nanosatellites (about 1–10 kg) and larger satellites.

Design and technology: Microsatellites rely on compact, lower‑power systems and often reuse commercial off‑the‑shelf components. Development tends to be faster and cheaper than for larger satellites, enabling university programs and startups to demonstrate new technologies. However, their small size imposes constraints on payload capacity, power budgets, thermal control, and propulsion or attitude control, which can limit mission lifetimes and performance.

Applications: They are used for Earth observation, environmental monitoring, meteorology, communications, technology demonstrations, and science experiments. Some microsatellites operate in constellations to provide continuous coverage or data relays, while others perform single-point measurements.

Operation and regulation: Microsatellites are typically deployed into low Earth orbit via rideshares on larger launch vehicles. Operators must manage space debris concerns and plan for end‑of‑life deorbiting. Spectrum allocation and licensing are handled by national and international authorities.

Impact and trends: The microsatellite sector has grown with advances in miniaturization, standardized platforms, and accessible launch services. Universities, space agencies, and commercial companies use microsatellites to test new technologies, train personnel, and provide rapid-solution data services.

Related topics include nanosatellites, CubeSats, small satellites, satellite bus, and space debris.