mikromakrofauna

Mikromakrofauna is a concept used in soil ecology to describe the combined influence of very small and relatively large soil-dwelling animals on soil processes. It is not a formal taxonomic grouping, but a size-based framework that highlights how microfauna and macrofauna contribute to ecosystem functioning, often alongside mesofauna as an intermediate category.

Microfauna are the smallest soil organisms, typically including protozoa, nematodes, rotifers, and other tiny micro-arthropods. They drive rapid microbially mediated processes, regulate microbial populations, and participate in nutrient mineralization. Their high surface area-to-volume ratio makes them efficient at exploiting microbial litter and contributing to nutrient cycling, while they are also sensitive indicators of soil moisture and organic matter quality.

Macrofauna are larger soil inhabitants such as earthworms, larger beetles, springtails, millipedes, isopods, and gastropods. They influence soil structure through bioturbation and mixing of organic material, promote water infiltration, and accelerate decomposition by shredding litter and creating pore networks. Their activities can enhance root growth and nutrient availability for plants, and they often support diverse food webs above and below ground.

Interactions between micro- and macrofauna are central to mikromakrofauna concepts: microfauna control microbial communities, while macrofauna modify physical soil properties that affect microbial habitats. Together, they drive soil carbon cycling, aggregate formation, and overall soil health. Mikromakrofauna is used in assessments of soil quality and in studies of sustainable land management, agroecosystem resilience, and environmental monitoring.

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