mikrofluida
Mikrofluida, or microfluidics, is the field that studies the behavior, control, and manipulation of fluids at submillimeter length scales. Microfluidic systems typically feature channels with dimensions from tens of micrometers up to about a millimeter, enabling precise handling of nanoliters to microliters of liquid. The small scale offers laminar flow and high surface-to-volume ratios, allowing rapid mixing via diffusion and the integration of multiple laboratory functions on a single chip.
Historically, microfluidics emerged in the late 20th century with advances in microfabrication and soft lithography. The
Methods for moving fluids include passive approaches such as capillary action and hydrodynamic focusing, and active
Applications include medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, chemical synthesis in microreactors, drug discovery, DNA analysis, protein assays,
Challenges include fabrication costs, surface fouling, evaporation at small volumes, and the need for standardization and