mikroekonomija

Mikroekonomija is the branch of economics that studies the behavior of individual economic agents, such as households and firms, and their interactions in markets. It focuses on how these agents make decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources. Key areas of study within mikroekonomija include supply and demand, which determine prices and quantities in markets, and the concept of elasticity, which measures the responsiveness of one variable to changes in another.

Firms in mikroekonomija are analyzed in terms of their production costs, revenue, and profit maximization strategies. This involves understanding different market structures, like perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly, each with its own implications for pricing and output decisions. Households are examined through their consumption choices, utility maximization, and labor supply decisions, influenced by factors such as income, prices, and preferences.

The field also delves into market failures, where the free market does not efficiently allocate resources. This can occur due to externalities, public goods, asymmetric information, or market power. Mikroekonomija provides the theoretical framework for understanding these phenomena and for designing policies to address them, aiming to improve overall economic efficiency and welfare. It is a foundational subject for understanding broader macroeconomic issues.