migracije

Migracije, or migration, refers to the movement of people from one location to another with the intention of settling, at least temporarily. It includes internal migration within a country and international migration across borders. Migration is a long-standing phenomenon reflecting opportunities, risks, and conditions in places of origin and destination.

Migration is categorized by direction, duration, and voluntariness. Internal migration covers rural-to-urban moves and regional relocations, while international migration involves crossing borders. Movements can be voluntary, such as seeking work or education, or forced, such as refugees and asylum seekers displaced by conflict or persecution. Other forms include seasonal labor, student mobility, family reunification, and return migration.

Causes are described by push-pull factors: conditions at home push people away, while attractive opportunities pull them toward a destination. Economic disparities, violence, climate change, and governance shape pushes; wages, safety, and networks shape pulls. Demographic trends and policy choices also influence patterns.

Migration affects both origin and destination. Remittances can support households and development, while brain drain may reduce skills at home. At the destination, migrants contribute to labor markets, culture, and innovation, but may face integration challenges. Urbanization and changing age structures influence housing, education, and public services.

Data on migrants come from censuses, surveys, and administrative records, used to shape visas, asylum policies, border control, and labor-market measures. International frameworks, such as refugee protection conventions, set rights for vulnerable migrants. Debates focus on balancing security, economic needs, humanitarian obligations, and social cohesion in a globalized world.