mielóma

Mieloma, also known as multiple myeloma, is a cancer that forms in a type of white blood cell called a plasma cell. Plasma cells are part of the immune system and are responsible for producing antibodies. In myeloma, these plasma cells become abnormal, multiply uncontrollably, and accumulate in the bone marrow. These abnormal plasma cells, called myeloma cells, can crowd out healthy blood-forming cells, leading to a variety of complications.

The exact cause of myeloma is not fully understood, but certain risk factors have been identified, including older age, male sex, and African American race. Exposure to certain chemicals and radiation may also play a role. Symptoms can vary and may include bone pain, fatigue, frequent infections, weight loss, and kidney problems. In some cases, myeloma may be asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during blood tests for other conditions.

Diagnosis typically involves blood and urine tests to detect abnormal proteins, bone marrow biopsy to examine plasma cells, and imaging studies like X-rays or CT scans to assess bone damage. Treatment options depend on the stage of the disease and the patient's overall health, and may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. While myeloma is generally considered incurable, treatments can help manage symptoms, slow disease progression, and improve quality of life.