micropeptide

A micropeptide is a short peptide composed of typically 10 to 50 amino acids. These molecules are significantly smaller than conventional proteins, which are generally considered to be polymers of more than 50 amino acids. The discovery and characterization of micropeptides have been facilitated by advances in genomics and proteomics, which allow for the identification of small open reading frames (sORFs) that were previously overlooked as non-coding regions of the genome.

Micropeptides are translated from these sORFs and can exert various biological functions, often acting as regulatory molecules. They are involved in a diverse range of cellular processes, including muscle contraction, cell signaling, and metabolic regulation. Some micropeptides have been found to interact with other cellular components, such as proteins and nucleic acids, to modulate their activity. Their small size and unique properties allow them to access cellular compartments or interact with targets that larger proteins cannot.

The study of micropeptides is a rapidly evolving field. Ongoing research aims to further elucidate their biological roles, mechanisms of action, and potential therapeutic applications. Due to their small size and potentially potent effects, micropeptides are being investigated for their involvement in various diseases and as potential drug targets or therapeutic agents themselves.