mfocytopenie

Mfocytopenie, commonly referred to as monocytopenie, denotes an abnormally low number of monocytes in the peripheral blood. Monocytes are a subset of white blood cells produced in the bone marrow and circulating in the bloodstream before migrating into tissues where they differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells, playing roles in phagocytosis, inflammation, and antigen presentation. The absolute monocyte count is typically measured as part of a complete blood count; normal values are roughly 0.2 to 0.8 x 10^9/L, representing about 2 to 8 percent of total white cells, though reference ranges vary by laboratory.

Causes of mfocytopenie can be broadly divided into reduced production, increased destruction or sequestration, and laboratory variation. Reduced production can occur with bone marrow suppression from chemotherapy, radiation, aplastic anemia, or myelodysplastic syndromes. Increased peripheral destruction or sequestration may be seen in systemic illness, severe infections, or autoimmune conditions. Pharmacologic effects or heavy corticosteroid exposure can also alter monocyte counts in some settings. In many cases, monocytopenia is mild or transient and without specific symptoms.

Clinical significance depends on the degree and context. Monocytopenia by itself often does not cause symptoms but may contribute to a higher risk of infections, particularly if accompanied by other cytopenias or immune compromise. Diagnosis relies on a verified low absolute monocyte count on a CBC, with the evaluation directed at identifying the underlying cause. Treatment targets the underlying condition and, when appropriate, supportive care during infections.