metaspecies

A metaspecies is a theoretical concept referring to a group of species that share a common ecological role or function within an ecosystem. It is not a formal taxonomic rank but rather a way of categorizing species based on their interactions and contributions to the environment. The idea is that distinct species, despite their genetic differences, can evolve similar adaptations and behaviors to fulfill similar niches. For example, different types of large herbivores in various geographic locations might be considered part of a "large herbivore metaspecies" due to their shared role in grazing and shaping plant communities.

The concept of metaspecies helps ecologists understand broader patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. It suggests that even with the loss of individual species, the functional integrity of an ecosystem might be maintained if other species can fill similar roles. This perspective can be valuable in conservation efforts, shifting focus from preserving individual species to preserving functional groups. However, the definition and application of metaspecies can be complex, as ecological roles are not always clearly defined and can change over time or with environmental shifts. The concept encourages a functional view of biodiversity rather than solely a taxonomic one.