metallogenesis
Metallogenesis refers to the geological processes that lead to the formation of mineral deposits. It is a broad field of study encompassing the origin, migration, and deposition of elements that form economically valuable metals and minerals. These processes often occur over vast geological timescales, involving the interaction of molten rock (magma), circulating fluids, and pre-existing rock formations.
One primary mechanism is magmatic processes, where metals are concentrated within cooling igneous intrusions. Fractional crystallization
Sedimentary processes also play a role, with some mineral deposits forming through the weathering and erosion