Fractional

Fractional is an adjective used to describe something that is a part or portion of a whole, often derived from a fraction or expressed in non-integer form. In mathematics, a fraction represents a part of a whole, with a numerator and denominator, and is part of the broader category of rational numbers, which include fractions and terminating or repeating decimals. Fractional exponents denote roots: x^(m/n) equals the nth root of x raised to the m. Fractional calculus generalizes differentiation and integration to non-integer orders.

In measurement and data, a fractional part refers to the portion of a number after the decimal point, or to subdivided units, such as 0.5 meters or 3.25 hours.

In science and engineering, fractional factorial designs use a subset of experimental runs to study multiple factors more efficiently. In finance and ownership, fractional ownership or fractional shares allow individuals to own a portion of an asset, such as a stock or property, without full title.

The term also appears in contexts such as fractional reserve banking, where banks hold only a fraction of deposits as reserves.

Etymology: fractional derives from the Latin fractus, meaning broken or shattered. See also fractions, fractional calculus, fractional ownership, and fractional exponents.