metabotropických

Metabotropické refers to a classification of receptors in cell signaling. These receptors are distinct from ionotropic receptors, which directly control ion channels. Metabotropic receptors, on the other hand, are typically G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or receptor tyrosine kinases. When a signaling molecule, known as a ligand, binds to a metabotropic receptor, it triggers a cascade of intracellular events. This cascade often involves the activation of second messengers, such as cyclic AMP (cAMP) or inositol trisphosphate (IP3), which then modulate the activity of other proteins within the cell. This indirect mechanism allows metabotropic receptors to amplify signals and exert more complex and sustained effects on cellular function compared to the rapid, direct gating of ion channels by ionotropic receptors. Examples of neurotransmitters that act through metabotropic receptors include dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine. Their activation can lead to changes in gene expression, enzyme activity, and neuronal excitability. The diverse signaling pathways initiated by metabotropic receptors play crucial roles in numerous physiological processes, including muscle contraction, sensory perception, and learning and memory.