merupakan

Merupakan is a formal Indonesian linking verb used to express that something constitutes, represents, or is identified as something else. It functions similarly to adal ah in linking the subject with a predicative noun phrase, but carries a more definitional or classificatory nuance. It is common in written and official prose, such as academic, governmental, and encyclopedic texts.

The verb derives from the root rupa (form, shape) with the prefix me- and the suffix -kan, yielding a verb that expresses identity or definition. It is typically used in sentences of the form "X merupakan Y," where Y is a noun phrase. It is less flexible when combined with adjectives or in colloquial speech, where "adalah" or other constructions may be preferred.

As a definitional marker, "merupakan" emphasizes that X should be understood as Y, not merely described by a characteristic. It often appears after introductory phrases or in formal statements, definitions, or classifications, such as stating roles, categories, or formal identities.

Examples:

Jakarta merupakan ibu kota Indonesia.

Energi terbarukan merupakan fokus utama kebijakan lingkungan.

Buku ini merupakan ringkasan dari laporan penelitian.

Dalam ensiklopedia ini, istilah tersebut merupakan sinonim dari kata lain.