menstruationrelated

Menstruation is the monthly shedding of the uterine lining in individuals who have a uterus as part of the menstrual cycle. Bleeding typically lasts 2 to 7 days and cycles occur roughly every 21 to 35 days, with the average around 28 days. Age of onset (menarche) and end of fertility (menopause) vary widely among individuals and populations.

The cycle is regulated by hormones. The follicular phase leads to growth of the uterine lining and preparation for possible pregnancy; ovulation releases an egg around mid-cycle; the luteal phase maintains the lining before it is shed if fertilization does not occur.

Common experiences include menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea), breast tenderness, mood changes, and fatigue. Bleeding may be light or heavy. Some people have irregular cycles or very heavy bleeding (menorrhagia). Underlying conditions such as endometriosis, fibroids, or thyroid disorders can affect menstruation.

Management includes analgesics such as NSAIDs, hormonal contraceptives to regulate cycles, and iron supplementation for anemia. Non-drug measures include heat, rest, and regular exercise. Menstrual hygiene options include pads, tampons, cups, or period underwear; adjust choice to fit and change regularly. Seek medical advice for heavy bleeding, pain unrelieved by standard treatment, or signs of anemia or other concerning symptoms.