melaminformaldehyd

Melamine-formaldehyde, also called melamine-formaldehyde resin or MF resin, is a class of thermosetting polymers produced by condensation polymerization of melamine and formaldehyde. The reaction forms methylolmelamines that crosslink upon curing to give a rigid, heat-resistant network.

Production and curing: In typical manufacture, melamine reacts with formaldehyde under acidic conditions to form methylol derivatives. On further condensation, methylene and ether bridges build a highly crosslinked polymer. Curing at elevated temperatures yields a hard, dimensionally stable resin.

Properties and performance: MF resins exhibit high hardness, good heat resistance, chemical resistance, and excellent electrical insulation. They are known for dimensional stability and low water uptake. They tend to be brittle and have limited impact resistance.

Applications: The resins are widely used in decorative and structural applications: high-pressure decorative laminates (HPL), laminates for countertops, molded articles (electrical insulators), coatings, and adhesives.

Safety and environmental aspects: Formaldehyde is a known irritant and carcinogen; unreacted formaldehyde can be released from new MF products during curing and early life. Finished MF products generally have low emissions, but occupational exposure is managed in manufacturing. Regulations limit formaldehyde release in consumer goods. MF resins remain widely used due to their versatility and cost.