meiózisok

Meiózisok is the Hungarian plural form of the word meiózis, which translates to meiosis in English. Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell. This process is fundamental to sexual reproduction in eukaryotes, providing genetic diversity and allowing species to maintain a stable chromosome number across generations.

The meiotic cycle consists of one round of DNA replication followed by two successive rounds of division: meiosis I and meiosis II. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair and undergo recombination through crossing‑over, then separate into different cells. Meiosis II resembles mitotic division, separating sister chromatids. The resulting haploid gametes—sperm in animals, pollen and egg cells in plants—can fuse during fertilization to restore the diploid chromosome number.

Meiotic errors, such as nondisjunction, can lead to aneuploidy, which is responsible for many developmental disorders in humans, including Down syndrome. In plants, controlled forms of meiosis are exploited in breeding programs to create hybrids with desirable traits.

The study of meiózisok spans genetics, cell biology, and evolutionary biology. Advances in molecular techniques, such as live‑cell imaging and sequencing, have enabled a deeper understanding of the spatiotemporal regulation of meiotic proteins. In academic settings, courses on genetics and cell biology cover the mechanisms and significance of meiosis, while research laboratories investigate the molecular machinery that ensures faithful chromosome segregation.

Overall, meiózisok represent a key biological mechanism that underpins genetic diversity, species adaptation, and the continuity of life across generations.