maupun

Maupun is a coordinating conjunction used in Indonesian (and Malay) to link two or more elements with a sense of inclusivity, similar to “both … and” or “as well as.” In negative constructions it also forms phrases that mean “neither … nor.” The word is more common in formal writing and public discourse than in everyday speech.

Usage notes:

Maupun typically connects nouns, noun phrases, adjectives, or clauses that are parallel in function. It can join two items that share a common descriptor or category, emphasizing that all are included. In negative contexts, it pairs with “tidak” or other negators to express exclusion, as in “tidak suka A maupun B.”

Examples:

Bapak maupun Ibu diminta hadir dalam rapat.

Kedua opsi tersebut tersedia secara online maupun offline.

Saya tidak suka film horor maupun film aksi.

Kegiatan ini melibatkan anak-anak maupun orang dewasa.

Etymology and status:

Maupun is a long-standing element in Indonesian and Malay grammar, reflecting formal usage that treats paired items with equal weight. While widely understood, it tends to appear more in written or formal prose than in casual conversation, where dan and atau are often preferred for simplicity.

See also:

As a formal alternative to dan or atau, maupun helps present inclusive lists or dual alternatives in a balanced, ceremonious style.