mastectomi

A mastectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of all or part of the breast tissue. It is most commonly performed to treat breast cancer, but can also be done for preventative reasons in individuals with a high genetic risk of developing the disease, or to treat benign breast conditions.

There are several types of mastectomy. A simple or total mastectomy removes the entire breast, including the nipple, areola, and skin. A modified radical mastectomy removes the entire breast and most of the axillary (underarm) lymph nodes. A radical mastectomy, a less common procedure today, removes the breast, axillary lymph nodes, and the chest muscles beneath the breast. A skin-sparing mastectomy removes the breast tissue but preserves the skin envelope for breast reconstruction. A nipple-sparing mastectomy removes the breast tissue while also preserving the nipple and areola.

The decision to undergo a mastectomy is a significant one, and it is typically made in consultation with a medical team, including surgeons and oncologists. Factors influencing this decision include the type and stage of cancer, the patient's overall health, and personal preferences. After a mastectomy, treatment plans may include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy, depending on the specific diagnosis. Breast reconstruction, either immediately or at a later time, is also an option for many individuals.