maoismi

Maoism is a variant of Marxism-Leninism associated with Mao Zedong. It emphasizes revolutionary strategy tailored to agrarian societies and the goal of establishing a socialist order through continuous class struggle. Originating in the Chinese Communist Party’s experience during the Chinese Revolution, Maoist theory expanded into political practice and scholarship. In China, Mao Zedong Thought became the official ideological current; internationally, the term Maoism is used to distinguish Mao’s interpretation of Marxism-Leninism from other forms.

Its core concepts include the protracted people's war, which holds that rural areas can encircle cities through guerrilla warfare; the mass line, which seeks to translate popular experiences into policy by listening to the masses; and the idea of a New Democracy as a transitional path to socialism. It also emphasizes continuous revolution to prevent capitalist restoration, a notion most associated with the Cultural Revolution era. Maoism also stresses self-reliance and the primacy of political education in maintaining party discipline and ideological unity.

Maoism has influenced several movements outside China, notably in India (Naxalite groups), Nepal (Maoist factions involved in the 2006 peace process and subsequent government), and Peru (Shining Path), among others. Internationally, numerous organizations have branded themselves Maoist or Maoist-influenced, adapting its ideas to local conditions. In many cases, Maoist groups have pursued armed struggle or political participation, contributing to ongoing debates about the strategy and ethics of revolutionary movements.

Its legacy is contested. Proponents point to its emphasis on rural mobilization and ideological mobilization; critics highlight human rights abuses during mass campaigns and the Cultural Revolution, arguing that centralized leadership and rapid upheaval can lead to violence and hardship. Modern discussions focus on relevance to contemporary social movements and state governance.