mangostana

Mangostana is the specific epithet used in the binomial name Garcinia mangostana, the mangosteen. The species is a tropical evergreen tree in the family Clusiaceae. The name mangostana is derived from the Malay manggis, reflecting its Southeast Asian origins. The fruit is widely cultivated in tropical regions and valued for its sweet-tart flesh.

The tree grows to 7–25 meters tall, with glossy, dark green leaves. It produces a thick rind, purple-red when ripe, enclosing white, segmented arils. The edible portion consists of several juicy segments similar in structure to citrus fruit. The rind contains polyphenols, including xanthones.

Native to the Sunda Islands and the Malay Peninsula, Garcinia mangostana is cultivated across tropical Asia, and in parts of Africa, the Caribbean, Central and South America. It prefers warm, humid climates, well-drained soil, and does not tolerate frost. Commercial production is concentrated in Southeast Asia, with increasing cultivation in other tropical regions.

The fruit is eaten fresh, used in jams, juices, ice cream, and desserts. The rind and extracts are used in traditional medicines and in cosmetics. Nutritionally, mangosteen is low in calories and a source of fiber and antioxidants, particularly xanthones. Some health claims have been proposed but lack robust clinical evidence.

Trade and conservation: The fruit is a premium commodity with seasonal harvests; major producers include Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia. Wild populations have faced pressure from habitat loss, but cultivated trees supply most commercial fruit. Research focuses on improved yield, disease resistance, and sustainable production.