malnutritionmay

Malnutrition may refer to a range of conditions arising from an imbalance in a person's intake of energy and nutrients. This can manifest as either undernutrition, where there is insufficient intake of calories, protein, or micronutrients, or overnutrition, characterized by excessive intake of calories leading to overweight and obesity. Undernutrition can further be categorized into wasting, stunting, and deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals. Wasting indicates low weight-for-height, often a result of recent rapid weight loss or failure to gain weight. Stunting is defined as low height-for-age, reflecting chronic or recurrent undernutrition. Micronutrient deficiencies, also known as hidden hunger, occur when a diet lacks essential vitamins and minerals, even if calorie intake is adequate, and can have severe health consequences.

The causes of malnutrition are multifaceted, often stemming from poverty, food insecurity, poor access to healthcare and education, inadequate sanitation, and social and cultural practices. Infectious diseases can exacerbate malnutrition by increasing nutrient requirements and reducing nutrient absorption. Conversely, malnutrition weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections. The consequences of malnutrition are far-reaching, impacting individual health, cognitive development, productivity, and overall economic development of communities and nations. Addressing malnutrition requires a comprehensive approach involving improved food security, access to healthcare and nutrition services, education, and interventions to address underlying social determinants.