malinsyra

Malinsyra, also known as malic acid, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C4H6O5. It is a dicarboxylic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably apples, and is responsible for their tart taste. The name "malic" is derived from the Latin word "malum," meaning apple. Malinsyra is a white crystalline solid at room temperature and is soluble in water.

In biological systems, malinsyra plays a crucial role in cellular respiration through the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle). It is an intermediate in this metabolic pathway, which converts carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into energy. In plants, malinsyra is involved in photosynthesis and can act as a carbon dioxide transporter.

Industrially, malinsyra is synthesized from maleic anhydride. It is widely used as a food additive, designated by the E number E296, primarily as an acidulant to enhance flavor and as a preservative. It is found in a variety of food products, including candies, beverages, and baked goods. Due to its ability to chelate metal ions, it can also be used in cleaning products and cosmetics. Malinsyra is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by regulatory bodies like the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.