malabszorpcióval

Malabszorpcióval refers to a condition where the small intestine is unable to absorb adequate amounts of nutrients from digested food. This can result from a variety of underlying causes affecting the structure or function of the intestinal lining or the digestive processes themselves. Symptoms can vary widely depending on the specific nutrients being malabsorbed but commonly include chronic diarrhea, steatorrhea (fatty stools), weight loss, abdominal pain, bloating, and deficiencies in vitamins and minerals, leading to fatigue, anemia, and bone problems.

The causes of malabsorption are diverse and can be categorized into several groups. Intraluminal causes involve problems within the digestive tract, such as insufficient digestive enzymes from the pancreas (pancreatic insufficiency) or bile salts from the liver and gallbladder, often seen in conditions like cystic fibrosis or liver disease. Mucosal causes relate to damage or disease of the small intestinal lining, which is responsible for nutrient absorption. Examples include celiac disease, Crohn's disease, infections like giardiasis, and certain medications. Post-absorptive causes involve issues with the transport of absorbed nutrients from the intestinal cells into the bloodstream, which is less common but can occur after extensive intestinal surgery.

Diagnosis of malabsorption typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests. Stool tests can assess for fat content and other markers of maldigestion. Blood tests may reveal nutrient deficiencies and antibodies related to specific conditions like celiac disease. Imaging studies such as endoscopy with biopsy or barium studies can visualize the small intestine and identify structural abnormalities. Treatment strategies are tailored to the underlying cause and aim to restore normal nutrient absorption and manage deficiencies. This may include dietary modifications, enzyme replacement therapy, medications to treat infections or inflammation, or in severe cases, nutritional support.