magnetometriaa
Magnetometriaa is the field of study that concerns the measurement of magnetic fields. It covers the methods and instruments used to determine the magnitude and direction of magnetic fields produced by geophysical sources, engineered devices, and biological or astronomical phenomena. Measurements are expressed in units such as tesla and gauss, with Earth’s field typically in the tens of microtesla range.
Techniques rely on various sensor technologies. Fluxgate magnetometers, Hall effect sensors, optically pumped magnetometers, and superconducting
Applications include geophysical exploration for minerals and oil, where anomalies indicate subsurface structures; archaeological prospection; navigation
Challenges include environmental magnetic noise from electrical infrastructure, vehicles, and ferromagnetic materials; magnetic interference in urban
Towards the future, magnetometriaa will likely emphasize portable and room-temperature sensors, such as advanced optically pumped