maaöljyä

Maaöljyä, also known as petroleum or crude oil, is a naturally occurring, yellowish-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, primarily alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons, along with varying amounts of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen compounds. Maaöljyä is formed over millions of years from the remains of ancient marine organisms subjected to heat and pressure.

The extraction of maaöljyä involves drilling into underground reservoirs. Once extracted, it is transported to refineries where it undergoes fractional distillation. This process separates the crude oil into various components based on their boiling points. These components, or fractions, include gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, lubricating oils, and asphalt.

Maaöljyä is a crucial commodity in the global economy, serving as the primary source for transportation fuels, heating oils, and the production of a vast array of petrochemicals. These petrochemicals are essential for manufacturing plastics, synthetic fibers, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and countless other everyday products. The economic and geopolitical significance of maaöljyä is immense, influencing international relations and economic stability. However, its combustion releases greenhouse gases, contributing to climate change, and its extraction and transportation carry environmental risks.