maapõhjavee

Maapõhjavesi refers to groundwater, which is water found beneath the Earth's surface. This water collects in porous rock and soil layers known as aquifers. Groundwater is a vital source of fresh water for many communities, used for drinking water, irrigation, and industrial purposes. It plays a significant role in maintaining ecosystems, particularly in rivers and wetlands.

The movement of maapõhjavesi is slow, influenced by gravity and the permeability of the surrounding geological formations. It replenishes through precipitation that infiltrates the ground, a process called recharge. Over-extraction of groundwater can lead to several problems, including the depletion of aquifers, land subsidence, and saltwater intrusion in coastal areas.

Pollution is another significant concern for maapõhjavesi. Contaminants from agricultural runoff, industrial waste, and leaking underground storage tanks can seep into aquifers, making the water unsafe for consumption and damaging the environment. Protecting groundwater sources through responsible land management and pollution control measures is crucial for ensuring its long-term availability and quality. The study and management of groundwater resources fall under the discipline of hydrogeology.