mNitroaniline

m-Nitroaniline, also known as 3-nitroaniline, is an aromatic amine in which a nitro group is located at the meta position relative to the amino group on a benzene ring. Its molecular formula is C6H6N2O2. The compound is a solid at room temperature, with limited water solubility and greater solubility in organic solvents. The amino group makes the molecule weakly basic, enabling it to form salts with acids and to undergo diazotization for further coupling reactions.

As one of three nitroaniline isomers, m-nitroaniline participates in typical nitroaromatic chemistry while its meta arrangement influences reactivity in subsequent transformations, such as azo dye formation. The compound can be prepared and handled under controlled conditions from relevant aniline derivatives or related precursors, and the nitro and amino functionalities enable both reduction and substitution chemistry.

Applications of m-nitroaniline center on its role as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, pigments, and related organic compounds. It serves as a building block for manufacturing processes in the dye industry and can be converted into diazonium salts, which are useful in azo coupling to produce a wide range of colored products. It also finds use in certain pharmaceutical and agrochemical syntheses, where its functional groups enable further modifications.

Safety considerations are important: m-nitroaniline is toxic and can irritate skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract. It should be handled with appropriate PPE in a well-ventilated area, stored away from oxidizers, and disposed of as hazardous waste. Environmental precautions are advised to minimize aquatic toxicity.