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Lymphoma is a type of cancer that begins in the lymphatic system, which is part of the body's immune system. The lymphatic system is responsible for producing white blood cells, fighting infections, and maintaining fluid balance. Lymphoma can affect various parts of the body, including the lymph nodes, spleen, and other organs. There are two main types of lymphoma: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, which are large, abnormal cells found in the lymph nodes. This type of lymphoma is relatively rare but can be highly treatable if diagnosed early. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, on the other hand, is more common and includes several subtypes, such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma. These subtypes have different characteristics and treatment approaches.

Symptoms of lymphoma can vary depending on the type and stage of the disease. Common symptoms include swollen lymph nodes, persistent fatigue, unexplained weight loss, fever, and night sweats. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, blood tests, imaging studies, and a biopsy of the affected tissue.

Treatment for lymphoma depends on the type, stage, and individual patient factors. Common treatments include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. Advances in medical research have led to improved survival rates and quality of life for many lymphoma patients.

Prevention strategies for lymphoma are limited, as the exact causes are not fully understood. However, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol, may help reduce the risk of developing certain types of lymphoma. Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial for improving outcomes in lymphoma patients.