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Lhôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, often referred to simply as Salpêtrière, is a renowned hospital in Paris, France. It is one of the largest hospitals in Europe and a major center for medical research and treatment. Founded in the 17th century, it has a long and complex history, initially serving as a hospice for the poor and the mentally ill. Over time, it evolved into a leading medical institution, particularly known for its contributions to neurology and psychiatry.

The Salpêtrière is affiliated with the Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), the public hospital system of Paris. It is a teaching hospital, training medical students and researchers from the Pierre and Marie Curie University and Paris Descartes University. The hospital complex is extensive, housing numerous departments and specialized centers covering a wide range of medical disciplines, including cardiology, oncology, infectious diseases, and geriatrics.

Historically, Salpêtrière is associated with significant figures in the history of medicine, such as Jean-Martin Charcot, who established a leading neurology clinic there in the late 19th century. His work significantly advanced the understanding of neurological disorders. The hospital has also been a site of significant historical events and continues to be a vital part of Paris's healthcare infrastructure and a globally recognized medical institution. Its architecture reflects its long history, with various buildings representing different eras of its development.