läpilyöntijännitteen

Läpilyöntijännite refers to the breakdown voltage in Finnish. It is the maximum electric potential difference that a material can withstand before its electrical insulating properties fail. When the applied voltage across an insulating material exceeds its läpilyöntijännite, the material begins to conduct electricity, often leading to a permanent change in its structure or failure. This phenomenon is crucial in the design and application of electrical insulation in various components and systems.

The läpilyöntijännite is dependent on several factors, including the type of insulating material, its thickness, the geometry of the electrodes, temperature, humidity, and the presence of any defects or impurities within the material. For gases, it is also significantly affected by pressure, as described by Paschen's law. In solid insulators, breakdown can occur through various mechanisms, such as electrical treeing, tracking, or intrinsic dielectric breakdown. In liquids, factors like the presence of dissolved gases or solid particles can lower the breakdown voltage.

Understanding and measuring the läpilyöntijännite is essential for ensuring the safety and reliability of electrical equipment. It dictates the minimum insulation thickness required for a given operating voltage and helps in preventing electrical discharges, short circuits, and equipment damage. Standards and testing procedures are in place to determine the läpilyöntijännite of insulating materials and to verify the insulation integrity of electrical products. This concept is fundamental in fields like electrical engineering, materials science, and high-voltage technology.