lähisitteiden

Lähisitteet (lähisitteiden) is a linguistic term used in Finnish to refer to deictic expressions that anchor reference to entities close to the speaker or addressee. As a subcategory of deixis, lähisitteet help situate objects, people, or events within the speaker’s immediate context—spatially, temporally, or discourse-wise.

In Finnish, common examples of lähisitteet are demonstratives that mark proximity. Spatially proximal forms include tämä (this) and nämä (these), which are used with nouns to indicate objects near the speaker. Corresponding inflected forms such as tämän talon (this house in genitive) or näitä taloja (these houses partitive) illustrate how lähisitteet decline to agree with number and case. Proximity can also be shown through set phrases like tässä (in this place) or tässä tapauksessa (in this case), which function to anchor discourse locally.

Lähisitteet contrast with more distant or deictic references, which point to items farther away or less anchored in the current context. In Finnish, demonstratives can therefore signal not only physical distance but also discourse distance (how closely a referent is tied to the present conversation).

Function and use. Lähisitteet guide listener interpretation, clarify which referent is intended, and can emphasize or restrict reference. They interact with pronouns, nouns, and other determiner systems, and their correct use supports coherence in dialogue and written text.

See also: deixis, demonstratives, Finnish language, pronominals.