lysozom

Lysozyme is an enzyme found in various biological fluids, including tears, saliva, mucus, and milk, as well as in the cells of many organisms. It is a type of antimicrobial protein that plays a crucial role in the body's defense mechanism against bacterial infections. Lysozyme works by breaking down the cell walls of bacteria, which are primarily composed of peptidoglycan, a complex sugar-protein polymer. This action leads to the lysis, or destruction, of the bacterial cells.

The enzyme is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria, which have a thick peptidoglycan layer, and less so against Gram-negative bacteria, which have an additional outer membrane. Lysozyme is also found in the human body, where it is produced by neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, and is involved in the body's immune response to infections.

Lysozyme has been used in various applications, including as a preservative in food and cosmetics, and as a disinfectant in medical settings. It is also used in scientific research to study bacterial cell walls and their interactions with other molecules. The enzyme is stable under a wide range of conditions and can be easily purified from natural sources, making it a valuable tool in both industrial and scientific contexts.