lymphoedema

Lymphedema is a chronic condition characterized by the swelling of tissues, usually in the arms or legs, due to a buildup of lymph fluid. The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and nodes that helps drain excess fluid, proteins, and waste products from the body's tissues. When this system is damaged or blocked, lymph fluid can accumulate, leading to swelling and discomfort.

Causes of lymphedema can be primary or secondary. Primary lymphedema is a rare, inherited condition that occurs when the lymphatic system doesn't develop properly. Secondary lymphedema is more common and results from damage to the lymphatic system. This damage can be caused by surgery, radiation therapy for cancer, infections, or trauma. Breast cancer surgery, particularly the removal of lymph nodes, is a frequent cause of secondary lymphedema in the arm.

Symptoms of lymphedema include swelling, a feeling of heaviness or tightness in the affected limb, restricted range of motion, and recurrent infections. In its early stages, the swelling may be soft and disappear overnight, but as the condition progresses, it can become firmer and permanent. Skin changes, such as thickening and hardening, can also occur.

There is no cure for lymphedema, but management strategies aim to control swelling, reduce discomfort, and prevent complications. These strategies often involve a combination of methods, including complete decongestive therapy (CDT), which includes manual lymphatic drainage, compression therapy, exercise, and skin care. Compression garments are worn to help reduce fluid buildup. Early diagnosis and consistent management are crucial for improving quality of life for individuals with lymphedema.