lymfoom

Lymfoom is not a widely recognized medical term; it most likely refers to lymphoma, a group of cancers that begin in lymphocytes of the lymphatic system. Lymphomas develop when lymphocytes grow uncontrollably and accumulate in lymph nodes or other tissues, such as the spleen or bone marrow.

There are two main categories: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). HL is defined by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells and tends to follow a more predictable course, while NHL comprises many subtypes, most of which are B-cell cancers, with a smaller number of T-cell cancers.

Common symptoms include enlarging, usually painless lymph nodes in the neck, armpit, or groin; fever; drenching night sweats; unintended weight loss; fatigue; or itching. Because these symptoms can result from many conditions, diagnosis requires evaluation by a clinician, including a biopsy of affected tissue, imaging studies such as CT or PET scans, and blood tests. Staging takes into account the extent of disease spread.

Treatment depends on the subtype and stage. HL is often curable with combinations of chemotherapy and sometimes radiation. NHL treatment ranges from watchful waiting in indolent cases to chemotherapy, monoclonal antibody therapy (for example rituximab), targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and sometimes stem cell transplantation.

Prognosis varies widely by subtype, stage, and patient factors. Advances in therapy have improved outcomes for many patients. Lymfoom should be evaluated by a medical professional for accurate diagnosis and management.