lyijyakkujen

Lyijyakut, often referred to as lead-acid batteries, are a type of rechargeable electrical energy storage device that uses lead and lead dioxide as electrodes and sulfuric acid as an electrolyte. Developed in the mid-19th century, they were the first practical type of rechargeable battery. Despite the advent of newer battery technologies, lead-acid batteries remain widely used due to their cost-effectiveness, reliability, and ability to deliver high surge currents.

The fundamental principle of a lead-acid battery involves a chemical reaction between the lead plates and the sulfuric acid. During discharge, both the positive and negative plates are converted into lead sulfate, and the electrolyte becomes less concentrated. During charging, the process is reversed, converting the lead sulfate back into lead and lead dioxide, and strengthening the electrolyte.

Common applications for lead-acid batteries include starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) systems in automobiles, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) for computers and critical equipment, backup power for telecommunications, and traction batteries for forklifts and golf carts. They are also used in some renewable energy systems for energy storage.

While durable and relatively safe when handled properly, lead-acid batteries contain hazardous materials, primarily lead and sulfuric acid, which require careful disposal and recycling to prevent environmental contamination. Their energy density is lower compared to newer lithium-ion batteries, meaning they are heavier and bulkier for the same amount of stored energy.