lutheránus

Lutheránus is the Latin adjective and noun used to denote adherents of Lutheranism, and more generally things pertaining to Lutheran theology. In many modern languages, the corresponding term is Lutheran. The name derives from Martin Luther (1483–1546), whose writings sparked the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century.

Lutherans hold to justification by faith, the authority of Scripture, and the doctrine of the means of grace, most prominently baptism and the Eucharist. They reject papal supremacy and uphold the priesthood of all believers. The confessional basis of Lutheranism centers on the core writings of the sixteenth century, especially the Augsburg Confession (1530) and its Apology, the Smalcald Articles, and, in later decades, the Book of Concord (1580).

Origins and development: The Lutheran movement coalesced in German-speaking lands during the Reformation. The Peace of Augsburg (1555) granted legal recognition to Lutheran churches within the Holy Roman Empire, contributing to the formation of national churches in Northern Europe. Over time, Lutheranism spread to Scandinavia, the Baltic region, parts of Central Europe, and, through migration, worldwide.

Organization and practice: Lutheran churches exist globally, ranging from confessional bodies to more liberal communities. The largest international expression is the Lutheran World Federation, founded in 1947. Worship often follows a liturgical pattern, emphasizes preaching, and centers on two sacraments: baptism and the Eucharist. Theological emphasis varies by region, but a shared heritage remains central.