lukemiaa

Lukemiaa is a cancer of blood-forming tissues characterized by the accumulation of abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow and bloodstream. It disrupts normal blood cell production and can present as acute or chronic disease, affecting lymphoid or myeloid cell lines.

The main forms are acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Each subtype differs in course, prognosis, and treatment options.

Risk factors include advanced age for many forms, prior chemotherapy or radiation exposure, certain genetic syndromes, and family history. Environmental factors and immune status may contribute.

Symptoms include fatigue, easy bruising, infections, fever, weight loss, night sweats, swollen lymph nodes, bone pain, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis typically begins with complete blood count and is confirmed by bone marrow biopsy and genetic testing.

Treatment depends on subtype and may involve chemotherapy, targeted therapies (such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors for CML), immunotherapy, radiation, and stem cell transplantation. Supportive care like transfusions and infection control are important components.

Prognosis varies; some pediatric ALL and other subtypes respond well to treatment, while outcomes for older adults are more variable. Early diagnosis and access to specialized care improve chances of remission and survival. Prevention focuses on managing risk factors where possible and regular medical follow-up.